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| Limits: Publication Date from 2000/01/01 to 2000/12/31 |
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[Advances in the study on effect of traditional Chinese medicine on gene expression]
[Article in Chinese]
Chen SH, Wang XH, Wang SQ.
Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
OBJECTIVE: To review the progresses in the study on the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on gene expression. METHOD: Consulting more than 20 domestic relevant documents of recent years and summarizing several representative kinds of TCM. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The curative effect of TCM has something to do with its bioactive composition that promotes the regulation of gene expression; and the continued study on this mechanism of regulation may contribute to the modernization of TCM theory.
Publication Types:
PMID: 12516458 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[Central nervous system calcium homeostasis imbalance and brain aging]
[Article in Chinese]
Feng Z, Zhang JT.
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100050.
Brain aging is associated with a marked decline of memory. The calcium homeostasis imbalance hypothesis postulated that sustained changes in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i are the major cause of brain aging. Aging may cause the increase of the [Ca2+]i through many mechanisms. These alterations would in turn affect the synaptic transduction, neurotransmitter release and signal transduction, cause memory deficit. This article reviewed the progress about this hypothesis in recent years.
Publication Types:
PMID: 12545725 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[Systemic aging and replicative senescence: in vivo and in vitro]
[Article in Chinese]
Zhao L, Zhang ZY, Tong TJ.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083.
Cultured cells lose the ability of DNA synthesis, mitosis, and finally the ability of cell proliferation after they have undergone a finite number of population doublings in vitro, though the cells still maintain the basic metabolic process. This is termed replicative senescence. We review the prevalence of replicative senescence, summarize the features of senescent cells, and then focus on the links between systemic aging and replicative senescence. The present knowledge, albeit still incomplete, proposes that replicative senescence is a reflection of systemic aging at cell level, and it fully confirms replicative senescence as a good model for the research of systemic aging.
Publication Types:
PMID: 12545705 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Models for studying benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Mahapokai W, Van Sluijs FJ, Schalken JA.
[1] Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Department of Veterinary Surgery, Khon-Kaen University, Thailand [3] Current address: Department of Veterinary Surgery, Khon-Kaen University, Khon-Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases affecting aging man. Attempts have been made to clarify the etiology and pathogenesis and, to that end, experimental models have been developed. To date, in vitro and in vivo models have been used, depending on the concept of the study. Spontaneous animal models are limited to the chimpanzee and the dog. Ethical and financial factors restrict the applicability of these models. The hormonal-induced canine BPH model is a good alternative that closely resembles human BPH in many aspects. The experimental models currently used for studying BPH are reviewed. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2000) 3, 28-33
PMID: 12497158 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Interactions between development and human health.
Song X.
PMID: 12322586 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Effect of aging on muscle sympathetic nerve activity and peripheral venous pressure in humans.
Niimi Y, Iwase S, Fu Q, Kamiya A, Mano T.
Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
To elucidate the effect of aging on blood pressure regulation, especially cardiopulmonary baroreflex in humans, we measured the resting value of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), peripheral venous pressure (PVP), and calf blood flow (CBF) in eight healthy young male subjects and eight healthy aged subjects, and compared the responses to the low level of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) between the two groups. The resting MSNA was higher, and the response of MSNA to LBNP was lower in the aged group than in the young group; the response of PVP to LBNP was also lower in the aged than in the young group. Delta MSNA/delta PVP showed no significant differences between the two groups. The present findings indicate that the effect of LBNP on cardiopulmonary baroreflex is greater in young people than in aged people, but that cardiopulmonary baroreflex may be preserved with advancing age.
PMID: 12296371 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Fitness, reproduction and longevity among European aristocratic and rural Finnish families in the 1700s and 1800s.
Korpelainen H.
Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland. helena.korpelainen@helsinki.fi
The life histories of two socio-economically different groups of humans comprising birth cohorts from the 1700s and 1800s were investigated. It was discovered that fertility selection was greater among European aristocrats and mortality selection greater among rural Finns. The life history of the rural Finns involved shorter female life spans, a considerably longer period of reproduction, higher juvenile mortality, a greater total production of offspring and slightly higher individual fitness. In a comparison of parental cohorts, it was discovered that longevity and progeny survival improved significantly from the 1700s to the 1800s. Out of the three factors investigated, longevity was found to influence reproduction and fitness more than socio-economic group or birth cohort. The reproductive efficacy and fitness of women increased along with their life span. However, reproductive success and fitness were lower among women with the longest life span (over 80 years). Among men, reproductive success improved consistently along with the increase in longevity. When birth intervals were examined, it was discovered that the sex of previous offspring did not influence the interval between births.
Publication Types:
PMID: 12233775 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Cellular responses to telomere shortening: cellular senescence as a tumor suppressor mechanism.
Greider CW.
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Publication Types:
- Historical Article
- Review
- Review, Tutorial
PMID: 12200870 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Denture hygiene: a review and update.
Shay K.
VA Health Services of Lower Michigan, USA. Ken.Shay@med.va.gov
Growth in the aging population has resulted in an increasing number of older persons requiring dentures. The microporous surfaces of an acrylic denture provide a wide range of environments to support microorganisms that can threaten the health of a physically vulnerable patient. The maintenance of denture prostheses is important for the health of patients and to maintain an esthetic, odor-free appliance. Mechanical, chemical, and a combination of mechanical and chemical strategies are available to patients to facilitate denture hygiene. Brushing is an ineffective method of denture disinfection. Household bleach or vinegar are effective as are the commercial, effervescent products sold for denture soaking. A new denture cleaner contains silicone polymer that provides a protective coating for dentures as a final step in the cleaning process. The coating helps to minimize the adhesion of accretions to the denture throughout the day until the next cleaning. Dental professionals must have a current knowledge of denture cleansing strategies in order to maximize the service offered to denture patients.
Publication Types:
PMID: 12167888 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Follicular gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori.
Ma ZQ, Tanizawa T, Nihei Z, Sugihara K, Nakamura K.
Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
In order to understand the pathogenesis of gastric lymphoma, we investigated the association of H.pylori infection with lymphoid follicular hyperplasia. Eighty-four gastric specimens removed for gastroduodenal ulcer were histologically examined. The distribution and prevalence of H. pylori, neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and lymphoid follicles were scored. The lymphoid follicles were more frequently observed in H.pylori positive cases. They indicated a positive correlation with the score of H. pylori. When follicular gastritis (FG) was defined as a case in which the secondary lymphoid follicles (Lf2) numbered two or more per one centimeter of mucosa in the pyloric gland area of the lesser curvature, twenty specimens out of the 84 (24%) fit that definition. All of the FG cases were H.pylori positive, and they displayed high H. pylori scores. It was supposed that most FG cases would ultimately lead to atrophic gastritis, whereas H.pylori would gradationally decrease or disappear in accordance with the aging and progression of intestinal metaplasia. The histological features of the FG cases, however, were similar to the background mucosal state of early-stage MALT-type gastric lymphoma. We may conclude that H. pylori infection is one cause of the FG, which may be a high-risk condition that gives rise to MALT-type gastric lymphoma.
PMID: 12162525 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Side effects. Bone problems and anti-HIV therapy.
Publication Types:
PMID: 12125610 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Creating clinical experiences in a social work agency on aging.
From MA.
Chestnut Hill Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
This article describes the growth of a relationship between the fields of social work and nursing that developed into a positive learning experience for senior nursing students. It highlights the growing awareness, complicated by the scarcity of clinical sites, of the importance of including content in curricula related to community-dwelling older adults. The author was able to prepare student assignments from a social work agency on aging. The outcomes of this process included meeting the objectives of community health nursing and a new awareness by nursing students of the collaborative roles of nursing and social work in the community.
PMID: 12119653 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Wholism for aging families: meeting needs of caregivers.
Plowfield LA, Raymond JE, Blevins C.
Health Center, Department of Nursing, USA.
Family caregiving of a frail older person is an increasingly common phenomenon. Caregivers are confronted with new roles and responsibilities that provide both challenges and opportunities. Family issues that require expert nursing attention include role reversal, unresolved conflicts, caregiver immersion, elder mistreatment, and caregiving from a distance. Comprehensive geriatric assessment provides a foundation for intervening with families. Nurses are instrumental in providing a family perspective that meets the needs of frail older persons and their caregivers thus providing wholistic care.
PMID: 12119651 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[Implications of oxidative stress in senescence]
[Article in Romanian]
Haulica I, Boisteanu P, Iliescu R.
Catedra de Fiziologie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Gr. T. Popa Iasi.
After a short review of the literature concerning the paradox of oxygen and the participation of the oxidative stress created by the prevalence of its reactive radical species over the antioxidant enzymes, the main experimental arguments favoring the hypothesis of the implication of free radicals in senescence will be exposed. The amplification of degrading processes of lipid peroxidation and altering of the protein thiol groups in the presence of reactive oxygen species will be outlined. Both the aging of mitochondria due to the alteration of the electron transport chain and the oxidative attack on the mitochondrial DNA and the activation of the apoptosis as programmed cell death phenomenon in the presence of free radicals of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon will be given a particular interest. Finally, the implication of radical species in the production of some cardiovascular degenerative diseases of elderly patients will be discussed, together with the protective role of antioxidant compounds and diet, as factors that confine the progressive degradation of the senescent human body.
PMID: 12089981 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Induction of apoptosis in the prostate by alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists: a novel effect of "old" drugs.
Kyprianou N, Jacobs SC.
Division of Urology and the Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. NKyprianou@smail.umaryland.edu
Advances in our understanding of the integrated functions governing prostate cell proliferation and cell death imply that effective therapies for prostate neoplasia should not only be molecularly targeted, but should be customized to take into account the delicate balance of opposing growth influences. Evidence from studies on the dynamics of prostate growth in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer established that disruption of the molecular mechanisms that regulate apoptosis and cell proliferation among the stroma and epithelial cell populations may underlie the neoplastic development that characterizes the aging gland. Our own efforts have been focused on investigating whether a1-adrenoceptor antagonists clinically used for the relief of the obstructive symptoms associated with BPH affect prostate pathophysiology via mechanisms other than smooth muscle contraction. Such efforts led to the identification of a novel effect of two alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists, doxazosin and terazosin. More recent in vitro experiments examined the potential anti-tumor action of three clinically used alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists--doxazosin, terazosin and tamsulosin--against prostate cancer cell growth. These findings demonstrate the ability of doxazosin and terazosin, but not tamsulosin, to suppress prostate growth by inducing apoptosis among the epithelial cells in the benign and malignant prostate. Thus, evidence indicates that rather than just causing pure relaxation of the smooth muscle, certain alpha1-blockers can also affect the dynamics of prostate growth by changing the balance between prostate cell proliferation and apoptosis at the expense of the proliferative process.
Publication Types:
PMID: 12084321 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Androgen deficiency in the aging male: when to evaluate and when to treat.
Nolten WE.
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA. wenolten@facstaff.wisc.edu
Aging can be associated with an abnormal decline in testosterone production, mainly due to pituitary failure, and is reflected by low serum testosterone concentrations. Manifestations of testosterone deficiency can be subtle, can be misinterpreted as consequences of normal aging, and include lack of libido and energy, mood changes, impaired strength, and development of osteoporosis. The most important factor in the evaluation and treatment of this age-related, usually unrecognized abnormality is the public awareness of its frequent occurrence that will stimulate the use of appropriate screening tests, beginning with a morning testosterone level. Replacement therapy by parenteral or transdermal testosterone administration can be highly beneficial in alleviating the manifestations of hypogonadism and improving quality of life. Careful screening and meticulous follow-up are mandatory. The long-term effects of testosterone replacement on the cardiovascular system, the prostate, and on longevity are unknown.
Publication Types:
PMID: 12084310 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[SV40 and cell immortalization]
[Article in Chinese]
Xie HQ, Yang ZM, Qu Y.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First University Hospital, West China University of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China 610041.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the SV40-mediated immortalization, the related factors and their roles in cell immortalization. METHODS: The original articles about cell immortalization and replicative senescence in recent decade were reviewed. RESULTS: Cell immortalization was a multifaceted phenomenon, it was involved in viral DNA integration, activation of telomerase, inactivation of growth suppressors, and so on, and their roles were closely related. CONCLUSION: The research on cell immortalization may be expected to provide important insights into a broad range of cellular biological phenomenon, and the immortalized cells can play important roles in the research of cell engineering and tissue engineering as standard cells.
Publication Types:
PMID: 12080857 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Moral and evaluative reasoning across the life-span.
Dawson TL.
Graduate School of Education, Tolman Hall, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. theod@uclink4.berkeley.edu
In a longitudinal/cross sectional study of moral and evaluative reasoning, Armon interviewed 23 females and 19 males, ages ranging from 5 at the first test time (1977) to 86 at the 4th (1989) test-time. Rasch analysis of Armon's data demonstrated that Armon's and Kohlberg's measures tap a single underlying dimension of reasoning; that individual stages across five items measure the same levels of reasoning, and that development on all items progresses at about the same rate. Participants found it easier to apply already available reasoning structures to new areas than to reason at a new stage, implying that stage transition is step-like.
PMID: 12077462 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[Significance of glaucoma and the mediation of meanings of aging from the Vygotsky's perspective: contribution to health education]
[Article in Portuguese]
Cintra FA, Sawaia BB.
Departamento de Enfermagem, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo. fernanda@fcm.unicamp.br
The objective was to obtain support to the health education of elderly with glaucoma. We interviewed three glaucoma patients, with ages above 60 years, individually, prior to a group session. We identified and analyzed the senses and meanings of glaucoma and of life itself as well the relationship between them, from the Vygotsky's perspective. The significance of glaucoma takes form during the patient's emotional constitution and experiences, remodelling of their subjective condition and their lives. The central motivation in this significance is the hope of a cure for glaucoma and the desire to preserve the autonomy and independence.
PMID: 12033060 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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The nutritional needs of the older person.
Devlin M.
Canterbury Christ Church University College, Canterbury, Kent.
Older people have particular nutritional requirements that are different from other groups. The nutritional status of many older people is poor in respect of some key nutrients. Older people are at higher risk of malnutrition if they are ill, live alone or have difficulty in eating. Older patients should have their nutritional status and nutritional intake monitored regularly to ensure they are receiving adequate nutrition.
Publication Types:
PMID: 12029877 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Clinical practice: new challenges for the advanced practice nurse.
Bartel JC, Buturusis B.
Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
This report describes the challenges for advanced practice nurses (APNs) relative to supply and demand issues. The article also includes opportunities with the Balanced Budget Act, physician acceptance of Advanced Practice Nurses, and expanding practice opportunities. The challenges include the nursing shortage (both in nursing students and faculty), the aging of the nursing workforce, and a lag in nursing salaries; increased demand for nursing based on aging baby boomers, increasing patient acuity and technology, and new arenas for practice. The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 provided new opportunities for advanced practice nurses, including enhanced autonomy to provide services and bill independently of physicians. With these changes come new opportunities for advanced practice nurse entrepreneurs in the areas of independent practice, including opportunities to positively impact the health of families and communities in alignment with the Federal government's vision for "Healthy People 2010." As physician acceptance of advanced practice nurses continues to grow and in light of the changes in medical practice and education (residency reduction), opportunities to expand collaborative practice arrangements also exist. APNs are best suited to make the most of these changes. One example of an opportunity for independent practice, a Community Wellness Center, is developed as an entrepreneurial venture benefiting both the APN and the health of a community. Who better than registered nurses (RNs), especially those practicing at the advanced level, can ensure that these opportunities and challenges are addressed in an ethical manner and focused on the needs and health of the community?
Publication Types:
PMID: 12029667 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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The impact of an aging population on curriculum development in Canadian undergraduate nursing education.
Baumbusch J, Goldenberg D.
University of Western Ontario.
The rise in numbers of persons 65 years of age and older due to increased life expectancy is necessitating a revision in undergraduate nursing education. Since additional qualified nurses will be required to care for this expanding population, nursing programs must include sufficient relevant gerontological content delivered by competent faculty to prepare these practitioners. The authors review pertinent literature, present several surveys outlining the current status of gerontology content in nursing and other allied health programs, and argue for gerontological nursing to be a core component of undergraduate programs.
PMID: 12026416 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Response to xenograft technology: a new frontier in medicine. Xenograft technology: proceed with caution.
Glass E.
Ohio State University Medical Center, USA. glass.2@osu.edu
Many Americans do not deal well with aging or preparing for death as a natural part of life. One indication of this is that only about 15% of the population have completed advance directives. Growing old gracefully and dying with dignity are not foremost considerations in our culture. We ask our government and private industry to spend billions of health care dollars to prolong our lives at all costs. Organ xenotransplantation has the potential of being a very complex, high tech, and expensive way of saving lives from the jaws of death--for a few more months or years. Derenge and Bartucci (1999) pointedly ask, "...should we instead be providing support and comfort to those who are dying and not intervene?" (p. 432). Finally, Dr. Margaret Somerville from the McGill Centre of Medicine, Ethics, and Law reminds us of the importance of addressing ethical issues early during the research process. Somerville (1998) states, "It is not enough to do ethics as an add-on at the end of having done your science." Science, medicine, and ethics, in the case of xenotransplantation, must progress together. Leaders in social policy should address the issues presented here before xenotransplantation is undertaken in the United States.
PMID: 12026342 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Drooping eyelids due to aging.
Elfervig LS.
Vitreo-Retinal Foundation, Memphis, TN, USA.
Aging is a normal sequence of life. When one's eyelids start to age many changes can occur, and these changes may affect one's life activities and appearance. Nurses can help the elderly to accept some of life's changes gracefully and at the same time make them aware that some visual changes are correctable.
PMID: 12024646 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Special anesthesia considerations for the elderly plastic surgery patient.
Zambricki CS.
William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
Elderly patients may be at greater risk for perioperative complications and mortality due to an increased prevalence of age-related concomitant diseases, often more than one at a time, and a basic decline in organ functioning over time. Risks associated with age in the plastic surgery population may be minimized by a better understanding of the physiologic changes as well as the preoperative and postoperative considerations in caring for this special group of patients. The purpose of this article is to review the changes that occur with aging and the nursing care implications necessary to minimize the associated risks with anesthesia and plastic surgery.
PMID: 12024644 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Psychological factors in face-lift surgery in the elderly.
Afflitto L.
New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
Although we are an aging society, we continue to measure ourselves on a scale that includes a youthful, attractive appearance. As a result, a growing number of older clients are seen daily in our offices. We have responded to this demand by altering our clinical approach to older clients. Improved methods of surgery and anesthesia have made it easier and safer for older patients to undergo rejuvenation procedures. This article will explore psychological considerations of facelift procedures in the elderly.
PMID: 12024639 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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BOTOX: a review.
Mendez-Eastman SK.
Plastic Surgical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
The history of medicine has many amazing stories of odd anecdotes for the treatment of a variety of ailments. Who would have thought that common mold would revolutionize the treatment of infection, or slimy leaches could assist in the resolution of venous congestion? When retching from the effects of food poisoning, or even worse, developing severe paralysis acquired from food contaminated with the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium Botulinum (Botulism), who could have guessed that toxins produced by this bacteria could be used as an effective cosmetic treatment for frown lines and wrinkles? Such is the story of medicine: always inventive and surprising, and sometimes downright odd.
Publication Types:
PMID: 12024621 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Assessing cardiovascular functioning in older people.
Watson R.
School of Nursing, University of Hull.
The cardiovascular system comprises the heart and blood vessels. The heart circulates the blood through the vascular system to supply oxygen and nutrients to the peripheral tissues and remove carbon dioxide and other waste products. The blood has other functions such as distributing heat around the body and fighting infection. With the cardiovascular system it is difficult to separate the effects of normal ageing from disease processes (Watson 2000a). However, the process of atherosclerosis is almost universal in older people and is largely responsible for the higher prevalence of cardiovascular problems in older people (Hall et al 1993).
Publication Types:
PMID: 12008419 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[Gerontologic nursing: reflexion on the work process]
[Article in Portuguese]
Santos SS.
Faculdade de Enfermagem N. S. das Gracas, Universidade de Pernambuco. silvanasidney@uol.com.br
This article had the objective to reflect about Gerontology Nursing subsided on the work process approach, according to Marx. It is a bibliographical study in which Gerontology Nursing concepts, theoretical arguments, objectives and work process are verified. The results point out that it has as purpose to promote health, prevent diseases, give specific care, recovery and rehabilitation of the elderly, maintaining their functional capacity; as object the older human being and the aging process in itself; as instrumental the specific knowledge about the object, the instruments and the conducts directed to the elder; as product the elder taking care of him/herself and, under that impossibility, being suitable cared by his/her family in an humanistic way, keeping his/her dignity until death. From the reflections done, we applied the learned concepts about the Gerontology Nursing work process, trying to awaken to the importance of including Gerontology subjects while forming Nursing professionals.
PMID: 11998469 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[The white matter of an aging person in magnetic resonance images]
[Article in Finnish]
Mantyla R, Erkinjuntti T, Raininko R, Ylikoski R, Salonen O, Suoranta H, Aronen HJ, Standertskjold-Nordenstam CG.
Helsingin yliopiston kliinisen laaketieteen laitos, radiologian osasto Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki. riitta.mantyla@helsinki.fi
Publication Types:
PMID: 11989016 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[Brain and work]
[Article in Finnish]
Juntunen J.
LEL Tyoelakekassa Palkkatilanportti 1, 00240 Helsinki. juhani.juntunen@lel.fi
Publication Types:
PMID: 11989004 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[When a contraindication is actually an indication--how do we treat primary hyperparathyroidism in an elderly person?]
[Article in Finnish]
Sorva A.
Publication Types:
PMID: 11989001 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Comment on:
[Vitamin D and the elderly]
[Article in Finnish]
Isomaki H.
Publication Types:
PMID: 11988971 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[Cognitive aging]
[Article in Finnish]
Tuomainen S, Hanninen T.
Kuopion yliopiston neurotieteiden ja neurologian laitos PL 1627, 70211 Kuopio. susanna.tuomainen@kuh.fi
Publication Types:
PMID: 11988964 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Preoperative hyponatremia as a clinical characteristic in elderly patients with large pituitary tumor.
Nishizawa S, Yokoyama T, Yokota N, Ohta S.
Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka.
This study investigated the pathophysiology of preoperative hyponatremia in elderly patients with a large pituitary tumor. The tumor size, initial symptoms, and preoperative pituitary hormonal function were analyzed in 96 patients, consisting of 82 younger than 70 years old (mean age 49.7 years) and 14 older than 70 years old (mean age 72.0 years). There was no difference in tumor size between the two age groups. The initial symptom of all younger patients was visual disturbance. Preoperative hormonal evaluations revealed subclinical panhypopituitarism in four patients (4.9%). Five of the 14 older patients had severe hyponatremia (107-117 mEq/l) based on panhypopituitarism, and four of these five patients showed consciousness disturbance as the initial symptom, initiated by physical and/or psychological stress, or occurrence of intratumoral hemorrhage. Preoperative subclinical panhypopituitarism was found in another patient. The overall occurrence rate of preoperative panhypopituitarism in the older patients was 42.9%. The difference in the frequency of preoperative panhypopituitarism was statistically significant between the two groups. Preoperative severe hyponatremia associated with a large pituitary tumor is characteristic of elderly patients. The number of receptors for adrenocorticotropic hormone in the adrenal cortex decreases during the aging process. Additional physical and/or psychological stress prompts pituitary dysfunction in such patients, causing the manifestation of acute symptoms of adrenal insufficiency based on panhypopituitarism. Primary care using high dose hydrocortisone and electrolyte fluid is critical.
PMID: 11980089 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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The older person with renal failure.
Bevan M.
School of Healthcare Studies, University of Leeds.
The number of older people with end-stage renal failure is increasing. Mark Bevan describes the implications this will have for renal nurses, and others working with elderly people in renal failure.
Publication Types:
PMID: 11975260 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Nutritional screening and older adults.
Holmes S.
Centre for Nursing Research and Practice Development, Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Canterbury Christ Church University College, Canterbury, Kent.
Nutrition is rarely included in the screening programmes of older people. However, nutritional screening of this population is important to distinguish between deterioration in their health status due to the physical decline of ageing and that due to nutritional deficiency.
Publication Types:
PMID: 11971415 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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The HOPE Study (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation).
Sleight P.
The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study was designed to test the hypotheses that two preventive intervention strategies, namely angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition or vitamin E, would improve morbidity and mortality in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events compared with placebo. This review addresses the ACE inhibitor (ACE-I) (ramipril) arm of the study, both on the trial population as a whole, and on the large diabetic subgroup. Patients were included in the study who were considered to be at high risk of future fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events, by virtue of their age (>55 years), existing or previous cardiovascular disease, or diabetes. Diabetics had at least one other risk factor, either known vascular disease or other factors such as cigarette smoking, high cholesterol or hypertension. Ramipril or placebo was added to concomitant medication, which included, in a substantial proportion of patients, antihypertensive drugs (excluding ACE-I), lipid-lowering agents or aspirin. As a result, despite a history of hypertension in nearly 50% of patients, blood pressure (BP) at baseline was normal and the reduction in BP attributable to ramipril modest (a fall of 3-4 mmHg systolic BP and 1-2 mmHg diastolic). The trial was stopped early on the advice of the Data Monitoring Committee because of convincing evidence of the benefit of ramipril treatment on the combined primary endpoint of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarct (MI) and non-fatal stroke (14% vs. 17.8% on ramipril and placebo, respectively; relative risk reduction 22%, p<0.001). This comprised a risk reduction of 32% for stroke, 20% for MI, 26% for cardiovascular death and 16% for all-cause mortality, as well as a reduction in the risk of several other endpoints including heart failure and revascularisation procedures. The results among the 3577 diabetic subjects were even more striking, with a reduction of 25% in the combined primary endpoint. This reduction in the combined endpoint and in particular the reduction in MI far exceeded that which would be expected from the modest fall in BP. Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis of the diabetic subgroup showed similar relative risk reductions even after allowing for the effects of the fall in BP. Possible explanations for the non BP-mediated benefits of ramipril include reduction of angiotensin II-induced intimal and vascular smooth muscle proliferation and possible plaque stabilisation. The HOPE study results show that it is both safe and beneficial to lower BP that is already within the 'normal' range, particularly in patients with known vascular risk factors. This should greatly extend the use of ACE-I to a wider group of patients - not only those with left ventricular dysfunction, hypertension or diabetic microalbuminuria, but to the sort of high-risk patients who are currently given prophylactic treatment with aspirin.
Publication Types:
- Editorial
- Review
- Review, Tutorial
PMID: 11967789 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Scientists uncover new clues about ageing.
Publication Types:
PMID: 11966067 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Symptoms of aging tied to brain chemistry.
Publication Types:
PMID: 11966066 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Lower urinary tract symptoms, benign prostatic obstruction and the overactive bladder.
Thomas AW, Abrams P.
Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), benign prostatic obstruction (BPO), and the overactive bladder have increasing prevalence with age in both men and women (with the obvious exception). The question is, are they interrelated or independently related to age? The specific issue is whether BPO causes the overactive bladder. There are two pieces of evidence that might appear to suggest such a cause and effect. First, the overactive bladder is more common in men than in women of the same age, although physiologically, men are 5-10 years older at the same biological age. Second, the overactive bladder resolves in two-thirds of individuals after surgical interventions such as transurethral prostatectomy. The symptoms suggestive of an overactive bladder are the most troublesome, even though they may not be the most prevalent. Long-term follow-up studies with repeated urodynamic investigations have shown that the incidence of the overactive bladder and its attendant symptoms increases despite there being no deterioration in outlet obstruction over follow-up periods of 10 and 20 years. These data, and others, indicate that the situation is not as straightforward as some believe. The statement that 'the overactive bladder is secondary to BPO' cannot be made, as there are too many unanswered questions and pieces of the puzzle that do not fit. The overactive bladder is undoubtedly associated with BPO, and it leads to the most troublesome LUTS in older men. Epidemiological research, coupled with urodynamic evaluation, may provide further evidence. We also need better and more relevant models (e.g. ageing animals), together with further histological and other biological data before the waters become crystal clear.
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PMID: 11954200 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Teaching the older patient in the home assessment and adaptation.
Barry CB.
William Paterson University, Department of Nursing, Wayne, New Jersey, USA. cbarry34@aol.com
The proportion of older patients in the home care and hospice nurses' caseload is increasing. This article focuses on specific assessment and OASIS items to consider when implementing teaching interventions for older patients. Teaching strategies and adaptations are suggested for each assessment area.
PMID: 11951298 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Meanings and expressions of care and caring for elders in urban Namibian families: a transcultural nursing study.
Leuning CJ, Small LF, van Dyk A.
Augustana College, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.
Since Namibia's Independence in 1990, the population of elders--persons 65 years old and older--in urban communities is growing steadily. As such, requests for home health care, health counselling, respite care and residential care for aging members of society are overwhelming nurses and the health care system. This study expands transcultural nursing knowledge by increasing understanding of generic (home-based) patterns of elder care that are practised and lived by urban Namibian families. Guided by Madeleine Leininger's theory of culture care diversity and universality and the ethnonursing research method, emic (insider) meanings and expressions of care and caring for elders in selected urban households have been transposed into five substantive themes. The themes, which depict what carring for elders means to urban families, include: 1 nurturing the health of the family, 2 trusting in the benevolence of life as lived, 3 honouring one's elders, 4 sustaining security and purpose for life amid uncertainty, and 5 living with rapidly changing cultural and social structures. These findings add a voice from the developing world to the evolving body of transcultural nursing knowledge. Synthesis of findings with professional care practices facilitates the creation of community-focussed models for provisioning culturally congruent nursing care to elders and their families in urban Namibia.
PMID: 11949159 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Using complementary and alternative techniques--boosting immunity.
Eliopoulos C.
PMID: 11933278 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Trying to look SUNsational? Complexity persists in using sunscreens.
Thompson L.
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PMID: 11924630 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Reducing wrinkles and other signs of aging.
McCullough JL, Shull T.
University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
As the aging population increases so does the demand for more effective modalities to combat the ravages of skin aging. It is important for dermatology nurses to understand and be able to explain to patients the preventive measures for skin aging and what can be realistically expected from currently available treatments.
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PMID: 11912824 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Eyelid dermatitis.
Rapaport MJ.
UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Eyelid dermatitis is a common problem, probably owing to the thinness of eyelid skin and to myriad chemical preparations that touch or are placed near the eyelids. These include eye makeups, ophthalmic preparations, airborne allergens, anti-aging medications, sun screening agents, and chemicals that touch the face from hand usage. Finding the cause starts with an excellent history followed by an exacting examination of the skin.
PMID: 11912793 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Early follicular phase serum FSH as a function of age: the roles of inhibin B, inhibin A and estradiol.
Burger HG, Dudley E, Mamers P, Groome N, Robertson DM.
Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
OBJECTIVE: Reproductive aging in regularly cycling normal women is characterized by a gradual decline in ovarian follicle number and a progressive increase in serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), particularly over the age of 40 years. The lack of any consistent decrease in circulating estradiol and progesterone has led to the hypothesis that the FSH increase results from decreasing ovarian inhibin production. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum inhibins A and B, FSH and estradiol in normal women between the ages of 20 and 50 years. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Serum from 66 regularly cycling subjects, aged 20-50 years, was collected on days 3-5 of the menstrual cycle for this cross-sectional study. MEASUREMENTS: Serum inhibin A and inhibin B levels were measured by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Alpha subunit forms were determined by an immunofluorometric assay which detects all known monomeric and dimeric forms of inhibin A and inhibin B and free alpha subunit. FSH and estradiol levels were measured by immunoassay. Data were log transformed before analysis. RESULTS: Serum FSH, inhibin A and estradiol, but not inhibin B, were positively correlated (p < 0.05-p < 0.001) with age between years 20 and 50. Between 40 and 50 years, serum FSH was negatively correlated with inhibin B (r = -0.61, p < 0.001) and alpha subunit forms (r = -0.47, p < 0.05) and with estradiol (r = -0.39, p < 0.05), but not with inhibin A (r = -0.21, not significant). When log(FSH) was modelled as a function of log(inhibin B) and log(estradiol) with age fitted as a covariate, inhibin B only was a significant independent predictor of FSH (beta = -0.30, p < 0.01). Using purified inhibin A and B standards for the three assays, which were calibrated in terms of their alpha subunit content, serum inhibin A levels were 10-15% of those of inhibin B, with inhibin A + B levels being 22% of total alpha subunit levels. No significant correlation was observed between total inhibin alpha subunit and its dimers. The free alpha subunit, as determined from the difference in levels of total alpha subunit and inhibin A + B, remained relatively unchanged with age, suggesting that it is not differentially regulated. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that, during the early follicular phase, FSH, inhibin A and estradiol but not inhibin B increase with age. Some of the increase in inhibin A and estradiol may be the result of accelerated follicular development with increasing age. Serum inhibin B and estradiol but not inhibin A are inversely correlated with FSH between ages 40 and 50, but only inhibin B is a significant independent predictor of FSH. This supports the postulate that inhibin B is the main form of inhibin regulating FSH at this stage of the menstrual cycle. During the early follicular phase, serum levels of inhibin A are presumably too low to play a significant physiological role or are less active.
PMID: 11910605 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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The descent of woman.
MacLennan AH.
Publication Types:
PMID: 11910580 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Current status of nightguard vital bleaching.
Haywood VB.
Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
Indications for using a 10% carbamide peroxide material in a custom-fitted tray to whiten teeth include teeth discolored from aging, chromogenic foods and drinks, and smoking, and also brown fluorosis-stained teeth, single dark teeth, and tetracycline-stained teeth. Tetracycline-stains may require 2 to 6 months of nightly treatment, whereas after discolorations generally resolve in 2 to 6 weeks. After an initial relapse in the first 2 weeks after the end of treatment, color tends to be stable for 1 to 3 years, with some treatments being permanent. The ADA has approved only six 10% carbamide peroxide materials, which have extensive research and publications on safety and efficacy. Considering the average cost of $196 per arch, and the noninvasive nature of this treatment, nightguard vital bleaching is probably the safest, most cost-effective, patient-pleasing method to improve the appearance of a smile. However, it should be supervised by a dentist for the proper examination, diagnosis of the cause of discoloration, treatment options, and fabrication and fitting of the carrier. Sensitivity during whitening may be treated with fluoride and potassium nitrate.
Publication Types:
PMID: 11908343 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Olive-oil consumption and health: the possible role of antioxidants.
Owen RW, Giacosa A, Hull WE, Haubner R, Wurtele G, Spiegelhalder B, Bartsch H.
Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg. R.Owen@DKFZ-Heidelberg.DE
In the Mediterranean basin, olive oil, along with fruits, vegetables, and fish, is an important constituent of the diet, and is considered a major factor in preserving a healthy and relatively disease-free population. Epidemiological data show that the Mediterranean diet has significant protective effects against cancer and coronary heart disease. We present evidence that it is the unique profile of the phenolic fraction, along with high intakes of squalene and the monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, which confer its health-promoting properties. The major phenolic compounds identified and quantified in olive oil belong to three different classes: simple phenols (hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol); secoiridoids (oleuropein, the aglycone of ligstroside, and their respective decarboxylated dialdehyde derivatives); and the lignans [(+)-1-acetoxypinoresinol and pinoresinol]. All three classes have potent antioxidant properties. High consumption of extra-virgin olive oils, which are particularly rich in these phenolic antioxidants (as well as squalene and oleic acid), should afford considerable protection against cancer (colon, breast, skin), coronary heart disease, and ageing by inhibiting oxidative stress.
Publication Types:
PMID: 11905662 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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The resistance phenotype in the development and treatment of cancer.
Laconi E, Pani P, Farber E.
Department of Medical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Cagliari, Italy. elaconi@vaxca1.unica.it
Phenotypic resistance, acquired early in carcinogenesis, has an established role in the pathogenesis of cancer in well-characterised experimental systems, and possibly also has a role in the origin of human cancer. It has been suggested that sunlight, an established risk factor for human skin carcinogenesis, is able to induce rare altered cells resistant to toxicity and to favour their clonal expansion via toxic effects exerted on normal keratinocytes. Other major risk factors for human neoplasia, including smoking and ageing, may also act partly through imposition of a constrained growth environment in the target organ to favour the emergence of altered resistant cells. Strategies aimed at counteracting this constrained environment could be effective in attenuating the force that sustains clonal expansion of altered cells.
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PMID: 11905641 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Ageism and the abuse of older people in health and social care.
Ward D.
Rochdale Healthcare NHS Trust, Birch Hill Hospital, Rochdale.
Ageing is a natural process and yet ageism, ageist practice and abuse of older people occur among not only the general public but also in health and social care settings. Recent media reports have highlighted delays in meeting the needs of older people, physical and psychological abuse and that decisions are being made about whether or not to resuscitate an older patient without consultation with the patient and his/her family (e.g. British Journal of Nursing, 2000). This article looks at ageism and the abuse of older people and discusses what can be done to achieve quality care for older people while dealing with obstacles such as poor collaboration between agencies, a lack of support for carers and the belief that the needs of older people are less important than those of the young.
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PMID: 11904891 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Acute care for elders (ACE): a holistic model for geriatric orthopaedic nursing care.
Panno JM, Kolcaba K, Holder C.
Akron General Medical Center, Akron, Ohio, USA.
The normal aging process brings about inevitable and irreversible changes in physical, psychosocial, and spiritual health. These normal changes are partially responsible for the increased risk of developing health-related problems in the hospitalized elder population. The Acute Care for Elders (ACE) model provides an effective, proactive, inexpensive framework for addressing the complex health needs of older adults. When ACE principles are used for the clinical management of clients with orthopaedic problems, interdisciplinary conferences provide the structure for maintaining the continuity of care. Mobility as well as independent functioning, comfort level, mental status, depression, skin health, nutrition, and response to treatment, are discussed and nurse initiated guidelines for preventive and restorative interventions are implemented. Follow-up phone calls and/or home visits are important indices of thorough discharge planning. The theory of comfort is used to assure that holistic needs are addressed. Nurses who practice the ACE model are excited about demonstrating the highest level of competency in geriatric nursing, whereby patient functioning is maximized, comfort and dignity are promoted, functional decline is prevented, and patients are successfully returned to their homes.
Publication Types:
PMID: 11899309 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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